Penn Treebank II tag set (English & Chinese) 英文詞類:現代語言學的詞類標記

傳統拉丁式文法沒有顧到英文的特色（如：限定詞、英文的兩種時態、to和there的特殊用法等等），現代語言學的詞類標記取決於單詞在句中所扮演的角色，所以英文詞類不止八種：verbs動詞 (VB), nouns名詞 (NN), pronouns代名詞 (PR), adjective形容詞 (JJ), adverbs副詞 (RB), prepositions介詞 (IN), conjunctions連詞 (CC), interjections感嘆詞 (UH)。以下是現代語言學界廣泛採用的 Penn Treebank Tagset（30+ 詞類）

標記	英文	中文	例子
1CC	conjunction, coordinating (1, 6)	並列連詞	and, or, but
2CD	cardinal number	基數	five, three, 13%
3DT	determiner (3, 16, 19, 33, 35)	限定詞	the, a, these
4EX	existential there	表示存在的there	there were six boys
5FW	foreign word	外來語	tzonqtz (zongzi)
6IN	conjunction, subordinating or preposition	從屬連詞或介詞	in, of, on, before, unless
7JJ	adjective	形容詞	nice, easy
8JJR	adjective, comparative	形容詞比較級	nicer, easier
9JJS	adjective, superlative	形容詞最高級	nicest, easiest
10LS	list item marker	名單標記
11MD	verb, modal auxiliary	情態動詞	may, should
12NN	noun, singular or mass	單數名詞	tiger, chair, laughter
13NNS	noun, plural	複數名詞	tigers, chairs, insects
14NNP	noun, proper singular	單數專業名詞	Germany, God, Alice
15NNPS	noun, proper plural	複數專業名詞	we met two Christmases ago
16PDT	Predeterminer (DT 3)	前限定詞	both his children
17POS	possessive ending	所有格詞尾	's
18PRP	pronoun, personal	人稱代詞	me, you, it
19PRP$	pronoun, possessive (DT 3)	物主代詞	my, your, our
20RB	adverb	副詞	extremely, loudly, hard
21RBR	adverb, comparative	副詞比較級	better
22RBS	adverb, superlative	副詞最高級	best
23RP	adverb, particle	副詞、分詞	about, off, up
24SYM	symbol	符號	%
25TO	infinitival to	表示動詞原形to	what to do?
26UH	interjection	感嘆詞	uh, oh, oops, gosh
27VB	verb, base form	動詞，基本形式	think
28VBZ	verb, 3rd person singular present /-z/	動詞第三人稱單數現在式	she thinks
29VBP	verb, non-3rd person singular present	動詞，非第三人稱單數現在式	I think
30VBD	verb, past tense (-ed)	動詞過去式（-ed）	they thought
31VBN	verb, past participle (-en)	動詞，過去分詞（-en）	a sunken ship
32VBG	verb, gerund or present participle (-ing)	動名詞和現在分詞（-ing）	thinking is fun
33WDT	wh-determiner (DT 3)	wh-限定詞	which, whatever, whichever
34WP	wh-pronoun, personal	wh-人稱代詞	what, who, whom
35WP$	wh-pronoun, possessive (DT 3)	wh-物主代詞	whose, whosever
36WRB	wh-adverb	wh-副詞	where, when